The Guinness Book of records says it’s the most recognized song in the English language, just simple tune consisting of four lines that’s delighted countless children and adults, including Marilyn Monroe's sultry serenade of President Kennedy. But in what appears to be the biggest copyright story of the year - at least in the popular press - “Happy Birthday to You” is now the subject of a lawsuit brought against the publishing arm of Warner Music Group, which claims copyright ownership in the song. A complaint, from a disgruntled film producer who had to cough up $1,500 to use the track, was filed in federal court in Manhattan and claims that “Happy Birthday to You” has been in the public domain since at least 1921. The suit seeks class action status on behalf of anyone who paid a royalty to use “Happy Birthday to You” in the past four years. The song allegedly generates at least $2 million a year in licensing fees for Warner/Chappell Music, Inc., which claims to own the exclusive copyright to the tune through a company it acquired, Summy-Birchard. Patty Smith Hillard wrote the lyrics to the song and asked her sister Mildred Hill to write a melody. The melody of “Happy Birthday to You” was adopted from an earlier Hill Sisters song, “Good Morning to All” and it’s not clear if that melody was original or if the melody for that was borrowed from other song(s).
The claimant, Good Morning To You Productions, argues that it has "irrefutable documentary evidence, some dating back to 1893, [which] shows that the copyright to 'Happy Birthday,' if there ever was a valid copyright to any part of the song, expired no later than 1921 and that if defendant Warner/Chappell owns any rights to 'Happy Birthday,' those rights are limited to the extremely narrow right to reproduce and distribute specific piano arrangements for the song published in 1935."
The Plaintff is seeking a declaration that the work is dedicated to public use and is in the public domain.
The MPAA has sued MovieTube, owners of some two-dozen-plus streaming sites, alleging copyright infringement, according to a story from The Hollywood Reporter. MPAA members 20th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, Disney, Universal, and Warner Bros. jointly filed a lawsuit in New York against a number of MovieTube-owned streaming sites. The group is asserting both copyright and trademark claims, and the complaint is filed against both John and Jane Does, and XYZ Corporations, as the MPAA is uncertain of exactly whom they are suing. In total, the MPAA lawsuit names 29 websites. The complaint asserts that the defendants are both willingly and openly breaking copyright laws, and that they are deliberately hiding their identities while doing so. More here.
